A sudden pop in the shoulder, unexpected arm weakness or a bulge in the upper arm can all be signs of a biceps tendon tear. While the injury sounds serious, many people are surprised to learn that they can still use their arm and shoulder, even after a tear. Most patients can return to normal daily activities shortly, with little long-term limitation.
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What is a Biceps Tendon Tear at the Shoulder?
The biceps muscle in the upper arm is attached to the shoulder by two tendons. These tendons help keep the shoulder stable while allowing you to lift, rotate, and bend your arm. A biceps tendon tear at the shoulder occurs when one of these tendons becomes damaged or pulls away from the bone.
Because there are two attachments at the shoulder, most tears involve only one tendon, usually the long head of the biceps. Even with a complete tear, the second attachment often allows the arm to keep working, with some strength loss and discomfort.
Tears can be partial, where the tendon is damaged but still attached, or complete, where the tendon fully separates from the bone.
Causes and Risk Factors
A torn bicep tendon at the shoulder can happen suddenly from an injury or develop over time due to wear and tear.
Common causes include:
- Lifting something heavy
- Falling on an outstretched arm
- Repetitive overhead motion
- Gradual tendon weakening with age
- Previous shoulder problems such as tendinitis, impingement or rotator cuff injury
Symptoms of a Biceps Tendon Tear
Some people notice symptoms right away, while others have only mild discomfort.
Common signs include:
- Sudden sharp pain in the shoulder or upper arm
- A popping or snapping sensation
- Bruising
- Weakness when lifting or rotating the arm
- Pain when turning the palm up or down
- Cramping in the biceps muscle
- A visible bulge in the upper arm (“Popeye” deformity)
- Tenderness in the shoulder or elbow
In some cases, other shoulder injuries such as rotator cuff tears may occur at the same time.
Torn Biceps Treatment
Most biceps tendon tears at the shoulder can be treated without surgery, especially if the rotator cuff and other structures are intact. Nonsurgical treatment may include:
- Rest and activity modification
- Ice to reduce swelling
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy
- Temporary use of a sling if needed
Many people can return to work, sports, and daily activities without significant limitations after nonsurgical treatment.
Torn Biceps Tendon Surgery
Surgery is usually not required for most patients, but it may be an option if symptoms are severe or do not improve with conservative care. Surgery may be considered if pain does not improve with treatment, there is severe arm weakness or cramping in the biceps, or there are other shoulder injuries also present.
Surgical treatment usually involves reattaching the torn tendon to the arm bone or repairing other damaged structures in the shoulder.
Torn Biceps Tendon Recovery
Recovery depends on the severity of the tear and the treatment used. Physical therapy is an important part of recovery and helps restore strength and flexibility.
After surgery, a sling may be used for a short time, followed by a gradual rehabilitation program. Most people can return to normal activities within a few months, although heavy lifting may take longer.
When Should You See a Specialist for a Torn Biceps?
You should seek medical evaluation if you notice sudden shoulder pain, arm weakness, bruising or a change in the shape of your biceps muscle. Early diagnosis can help prevent further injury.
Treat Biceps Tears at the Shoulder at OrthoNebraska
Are you worried about a torn biceps tendon in the Omaha area? We’re here to help. The experts at OrthoNebraska want to make sure you feel understood, safe and confident to take on the treatment plan that’s right for you.
