Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common hand and wrist condition caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through a narrow passage in the wrist called the carpal tunnel.
Ganglion cysts are the most common lumps found on the hand and wrist. They are non-cancerous and usually harmless, though in some cases they may cause discomfort or limit hand movement. These cysts can appear, disappear, or change size over time, often without affecting the overall function of your hand.
What Is a Ganglion Cyst?
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump that typically develops near a joint or tendon in the hand or wrist. The cyst may be described as a bump, mass, or swelling and is often seen:
- On the top (dorsal) side of the wrist
- On the underside (palmar side) of the wrist
- At the base of a finger
- At the end joint of a finger
The cyst is filled with a clear, gel-like fluid, similar to a water balloon attached to a joint or tendon sheath. Ganglion cysts are not cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body.
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What Causes a Ganglion Cyst?
The exact cause of ganglion cysts is unknown. They may develop in response to:
- Joint or tendon irritation
- Arthritis or joint degeneration
- Mechanical changes in the joint
- Previous injury to the area
Women between the ages of 15 and 40 are more commonly affected, but cysts can develop in patients of any age.
Signs and Symptoms of a Ganglion Cyst
You may have a ganglion cyst if you notice:
- A visible lump on your hand or wrist
- Pain, tingling or weakness, especially when gripping or moving your hand
- Firm or soft texture of the lump
- Nail changes if the cyst is located near the fingertip (mucous cysts)
Cysts at the end of the finger may create a groove or depression in the fingernail. In rare cases, thin skin over a cyst can break, releasing the gel-like fluid. This may increase the risk of infection, which requires prompt medical attention.
Ganglion Cyst Treatment Options
Nonsurgical Treatment
Many ganglion cysts do not require treatment and may disappear on their own. Nonsurgical options include:
- Splinting and anti-inflammatory medication
- Draining the cyst with a needle, sometimes with ultrasound guidance. Recurrence is common because the cyst wall and stalk remain in place
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended if the cyst is painful, interferes with hand function or keeps coming back. Surgical removal involves:
- Removing the cyst, stalk and sometimes part of the joint capsule or tendon sheath
- Techniques may be open or arthroscopic, depending on the location
- Even after surgery, cysts can recur, though repeat removal is usually successful if symptoms return
Ganglion Cyst Treatment at OrthoNebraska
Need help with a ganglion cyst in the Omaha area? At OrthoNebraska, we want to make sure that our patients feel understood, safe and confident to take on an appropriate treatment plan. With proper management, we can help you reduce pain levels and improve quality of life.
