What Is a Humerus Fracture?
A humerus fracture is a break in the upper arm bone, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. These injuries can happen near the shoulder (proximal humerus), mid-shaft or close to the elbow (distal humerus). They’re often the result of falls, sports injuries or direct trauma to the arm and can range from mild cracks to severe, multi-piece breaks that affect movement and stability.
Humerus fractures account for less than 10% of all broken bones.
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What Causes a Broken Humerus?
Humerus fractures most commonly occur when:
- You fall directly onto your elbow or outstretched arm (a “FOOSH,” or “Fall Onto Outstretched Hand” injury)
- You experience a strong impact or blow, like in a car accident or sports collision
- You have weakened bones from conditions like osteoporosis, making fractures more likely from minor falls
In younger adults, these injuries are often tied to trauma. In older adults, even a simple fall can cause a humerus fracture due to decreased bone density.
Humerus Fracture Symptoms
Symptoms of a humerus fracture can vary depending on the severity and location of the break, but most people experience:
- Sudden, sharp pain in the upper arm, shoulder or elbow
- Swelling and bruising
- Stiffness or inability to move the arm
- Tenderness to the touch
- Visible deformity or shortening of the arm
- A feeling that the elbow or shoulder may “pop out”
If the bone breaks through the skin (an open fracture), seek emergency care immediately to prevent infection.
Fractured Humerus Bone Treatment
Treatment depends on where the fracture is and how much the bone pieces have shifted.
Humerus fracture recovery without surgery is often possible for fractures that are well-aligned or stable. Nonsurgical treatments may include:
- Immobilization with a sling, splint or brace
- Pain and anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy
Surgical treatment may be required for displaced or complex fractures — especially those near the elbow. Surgery typically involves repositioning the bone fragments and securing them with plates, screws or pins.
In rare cases, such as severe fractures in older adults, a total elbow replacement may be recommended.
Humerus Fracture Recovery
Healing times vary, but most humerus fractures take 6–12 weeks to heal enough for daily activity, with full recovery taking several months.
Your care team may recommend:
- Gradual physical therapy to restore range of motion and strength
- Ice, elevation and rest to reduce swelling
- Avoiding heavy lifting or pushing during the healing process
Mild stiffness or loss of full extension in the elbow is common, but most patients regain strong, functional motion with the right care and follow-up.
Humerus Fracture Treatment at OrthoNebraska
Do you have a humerus fracture in the Omaha area? At OrthoNebraska, we want to make sure that our patients feel understood, safe and confident to take on an appropriate treatment plan. With proper management, we can help you reduce pain levels and improve quality of life.
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